Stem cells in the adult mammalian brain Stem cells in the adult mammalian brain continuously give rise to new neurons that functionally integrate into circuits in restricted brain regions. They reside in specialized…

How do bacterial injection needles function at nanoscale? During evolution, bacteria have developed a variety of infection tools to infuse proteins and toxins into host cells. One of the methods is the type VI secretion…

Gene expression regulatory programs Although the genetic material is more or less identical in all cells of our body, which genes are being “read” and how they are read to produce RNAs and proteins varies between cell types.…

Signaling in bacterial infections Bacteria can rapidly adapt to their surroundings through the ability to sense and respond to different environmental conditions. This allows bacterial pathogens to successfully persist in…

NMR spectroscopy to unravel biomolecular mechanisms Proteins perform a wide range of essential biological functions, including signal transduction, catalysis, cellular homeostasis, metabolism and membrane transport. We…

Skeletal muscle cell plasticity in health and disease The skeletal muscle is a highly plastic organ, able to adapt to contraction, nutrient availability and supply, ambient oxygen and temperature, as well as numerous other…

TOR signaling and the control of cell growth Cell growth is a highly regulated, plastic process controlled by TOR-dependent pathways in response to nutrients, growth factors and energy. TOR is a major controller of cell…

Pathogenesis and treatment of chronic bacterial infections Chronic bacterial infections are a growing global challenge, driven by the rise of antibiotic resistance, an aging population with weaker immune defenses, and the…

Single-cell activities of bacterial pathogens during infection and treatment Bacterial infections are a major threat to human health. New antibiotics and vaccines are urgently required but progress has been slow. A major…